As the climate crisis intensifies, the world's oceans are undergoing dramatic changes that could significantly affect marine life. A recent study has raised alarm about the future of whale sharks, predicting that collisions between these gentle giants and ships could increase by 15,000 times by the end of the century.
Rising Ocean Temperatures Increase Risk for Whale Sharks
Scientists from the University of Southampton and the Marine Biological Association have discovered that rising ocean temperatures will likely force whale sharks to migrate into new habitats, many of which intersect with busy shipping lanes. Their research, published in the journal Nature Climate Change, suggests that the warming seas, driven by human-caused climate change, will cause whale sharks to seek out cooler waters, often in regions more trafficked by large ships.
Why Whale Sharks Are Particularly Vulnerable
Whale sharks, the largest fish species on the planet, are highly vulnerable to ship strikes because of their habits. These creatures often spend time near the ocean's surface and gather in coastal areas, putting them directly in the path of large ships. At up to 18.8 meters long, these sharks move slowly and cover vast distances, making them susceptible to accidents with fast-moving vessels.
“Even the world’s largest fish is in danger from climate change, as their preferred habitats shift into new areas with heavy shipping traffic,” explains Dr. Freya Womersley, the study’s lead author. She adds that while some habitat changes may offer temporary respite from the warming seas, they could also lead to greater threats, such as increased ship collisions and fisheries capture.
Habitat Loss and Collisions in the Future
The study used satellite tracking data and climate models to estimate how whale shark habitats will shift over time under three climate scenarios. In the worst-case scenario, where fossil fuel reliance continues, core habitats for whale sharks could shrink by over 50% in some areas by 2100, especially in Asia.
In this scenario, the risk of whale sharks entering heavily trafficked shipping lanes increases significantly. For example, in regions like Asia, the loss of habitat combined with dense shipping traffic makes collisions far more likely.
Mitigating the Threat: A Call for Action
Though the findings are concerning, researchers remain optimistic that conservation efforts can still make a difference. “We already know strategies to limit collisions, such as slowing ship speeds and re-routing around key habitats. Now, governments must act to implement these changes,” says Dr. Womersley.
By integrating climate-threat predictions into marine conservation strategies, policymakers could help protect whale sharks and other endangered species from the combined threats of climate change and human activity.
Source: Euronews
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